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Harnessing digital data and data science to achieve 90–90–90 goals to end the HIV epidemic
Purpose of review Effective public health interventions depend on timely, accurate surveillance. Harnessing digital data (including internet searches, social media, and online media) and data science is an emerging approach to complement traditional surveillance in public health but has been underutilized in HIV prevention and treatment. Recent findings We highlight recent examples that illustrate how social media data can be applied to HIV surveillance and prevention interventions. Summary To achieve 90–90–90 goals to end the HIV epidemic, we encourage traditional public health researchers to partner with data...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - October 7, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: ENDING HIV: PROGRESS TO 90–90–90: Edited by Carlos del Rio Source Type: research

Epidemiology of HIV Infection in Women and Children: A Global Perspective.
Abstract The global epidemiology of HIV/AIDS is rapidly evolving in low and middle income countries. Women and adolescent females in sub-Saharan Africa are at risk of HIV acquisition due to a myriad of complex biological, behavioral and structural factors. Primary HIV infection among women primarily drives the pediatric HIV epidemic. Postnatal transmission of HIV during breastfeeding is a major concern in LMIC, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where breastfeeding remains the only feasible, safe and culturally acceptable infant feeding choice. Given the remarkable discoveries in biomedical interventions to preven...
Source: Current HIV Research - February 21, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Shetty AK Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Lessons Learned from HIV Vaccine Clinical Efficacy Trials.
Abstract The past few years have witnessed many promising advances in HIV prevention strategies involving pre-exposure prophylaxis approaches. Some may now wonder whether an HIV vaccine is still needed, and whether developing one is even possible. The partial efficacy reported in the RV144 trial and the encouraging results of the accompanying immune correlates analysis suggest that an effective HIV vaccine is achievable. These successes have provided a large impetus and guidance for conducting more HIV vaccine trials. A key lesson learned from RV144 is that assessment of HIV acquisition is now a feasible and valua...
Source: Current HIV Research - September 10, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Day TA, Kublin JG Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

HIV-1 is spreading out of former high-risk population through heterosexual transmission in Hebei, China.
CONCLUSIONS: The genetic data supposed that HIV-1 was spreading out of MSMs, IDUs, and FPDs through heterosexual transmission in Hebei, China. Urgent prevention and behavior intervention in the population will be necessary. Furthermore, the detailed sequence data will help the design of HIV-1 vaccines in China. PMID: 26415701 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - September 28, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Gui T, Lu X, Li H, Li T, Liu Y, Bao Z, Li L Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Bone health and HIV in resource-limited settings: a scoping review
Purpose of review: Sub-Saharan Africa and other resource-limited settings (RLS) bear the greatest burden of the HIV epidemic globally. Advantageously, the expanding access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has resulted in increased survival of HIV individuals in the last 2 decades. Data from resource rich settings provide evidence of increased risk of comorbid conditions such as osteoporosis and fragility fractures among HIV-infected populations. We provide the first review of published and presented data synthesizing the current state of knowledge on bone health and HIV in RLS. Recent findings: With few exceptions, we foun...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - April 8, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: BONE COMPLICATIONS IN HIV: Edited by Patrick W.G. Mallon and Todd T. Brown Source Type: research

Disease Progression in HIV Late Presenters: the Role of HIV Clinical Indicator Diseases prior to HIV Diagnosis.
CONCLUSION: HIV CIDs confer a higher risk for disease progression even after adjustment for these confounding factors. Evaluation of previous HIV CIDs at HIV diagnosis could be a tool to identify and better manage frail HIV patients with higher risks of disease progression. PMID: 27142214 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - May 2, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Guardigni V, Morieri ML, Segala D, Sighinolfi L Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Predictors of HIV-test utilization in PMTCT among antenatal care attendees in government health centers: institution-based cross-sectional study using health belief model in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2013
Conclusion and recommendation: This study identifies perceived self-efficacy and perceived lack of net benefit as the main predictors of PMTCT-HIV-test use. Hence, prevention strategies based on increasing perceived risk, perceived severity, or adequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS may not be sufficient to induce PMTCT-HIV-test. These data will be useful in designing and improving HIV/AIDS prevention programs and focused health communication and counseling strategies in relation to PMTCT in Ethiopia. Keywords: PMTCT, HIV-testing, health belief model, perceived net benefit, perceived threat, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Source: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care - July 12, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Source Type: research

HIV and Syphilis Prevalence and Associated Risks in the Cameroonian Armed Forces.
CONCLUSION: HIV and syphilis education among all military personnel as they enter service and proceed forward is important to reinforce prevention methods and practices. PMID: 28521725 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - May 16, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Grillo M, Tran BR, Tamoufe U, Djoko CF, Saylors K, Woodland K, Wangmene L, Macera C Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

The Emerging of CRF01_AE: a clinical story and future HIV/AIDS situation in Thailand.
Abstract The HIV epidemic in Thailand in the 1980's compromised the country's socio-economic development. The epidemic first became evident in the community of men with male sexual partners (MSM), and subsequently spread to intravenous drug users (IVDU), female commercial sex workers (CSW) and their male clients, and, ultimately, to their partners and children. The HIV epidemic has devastated the country's working age population. The extensive negative impact and social stigma associated with the disease do not only have impact on the victims of HIV but also on their descendants and relatives. An epicenter of the ...
Source: Current HIV Research - January 28, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Winichakoon P, Tongjai S Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Shift in HIV/AIDS Epidemic and Factors Associated with False Positives for HIV Testing: A Retrospective Study from 2013 to 2018 in Xi'an, China.
CONCLUSIONS: The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Xi'an is still evolving, therefore, effective strategies, appropriate education and scaling up HIV testing should be developed. In addition, old adults and specific departments were associated with FP. PMID: 32294041 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - April 14, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Wang JY, Zhang KG, Ruan JX, Chen W, Wang L Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Epidemiology of HIV in Iran.
Abstract Iran has been one the active countries fighting against HIV/AIDS in Middle East during last decades. Moreover, there is a strong push to strengthen the national health management system concerning HIV prevention and control. In Iran, HIV disease has its own unique features, from changes in modes of transmission to improvement in prevention programs, which can make it a good case for closer scrutiny. The present review describes the HIV epidemic in Iran from the first case diagnosed till recent progresses in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention among different groups at risk. Not only we addressed the key ...
Source: Current HIV Research - June 4, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Najafi Z, Taj L, Dadras O, Ghadimi F, Moradmand B, SeyedAlinaghi S Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

The interplay between HIV and COVID-19: summary of the data and responses to date
Conclusion COVID-19 is threatening gains against the HIV epidemic, including the U.S. Ending the HIV Epidemic goals. The ongoing collision of these two global pandemics will continue to need both study and interventions to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on HIV efforts worldwide.
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - December 15, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: COVID/HIV: Edited by R. Brad Jones Source Type: research

Virologic and Host Risk Factors for Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV.
Abstract Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV continues to fuel the worldwide pediatric HIV epidemic. Without any intervention to prevent transmission, the rate of MTCT of HIV is estimated at 12-40%. The prevalence of pediatric HIV infection in a given community is the sensor for both the magnitude and the trajectory of the HIV epidemic in that community. A myriad of viral and host risk factors act in tandem to cause MTCT of HIV. In this review, the mechanisms, timing of transmission, and risks factors (i.e., viral and host) associated with MTCT of HIV are discussed. Although significant declines in MTCT...
Source: Current HIV Research - February 21, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Selvaraj S, Paintsil E Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

On the Evolution of AIDS/HIV Treatment: An Optimal Control Approach.
Abstract After more than 30 years of continuous research as well as unselfish efforts, tremendous and exciting developments have been achieved towards the evolution of HIV treatments both in the directions of antiretroviral therapy and effective vaccine for HIV positive patients. Recent research shows that triple-drug antiretroviral therapy can 'functionally cure' [1, 2] the HIV positive patients, which is a milestone in the therapeutic treatments of AIDS. Despite the significant progress on the evolution of AIDS/HIV treatments, it is still a curse for the humanity and until today the world's most serious epidemic...
Source: Current HIV Research - July 23, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Biswas HA Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

HIV type 1 subtype A1 dominates in Armenia.
CONCLUSIONS: The composition and distribution of HIV-1 genetic variants in Armenia is evidently influenced by the Russian and other FSU countries epidemic, due to the significant volume of Armenian migrant/re-emigrant flows. Continued surveillance of HIV-1 circulating subtypes and drug resistance in Armenia is important for the proper management of HIV infection in this country. PMID: 25845390 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - April 7, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Laga V, Vasilyev A, Lapovok I, Grigoryan S, Papoyan A, Glushchenko N, Kazennova E, Bobkova M Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research